Rehabilitology is a synthetic science that appeared on the basis of three fields — medicine, pedagogy and psychology. To render professional assistance to an injured person, a rehabilitation specialist must be able to use methods that would affect the psychological, social and physical spheres of the person. A rehabilitation specialist is both a physician and a psychologist with the knowledge of kinetotherapy, physiotherapy, neurology in one. Disabled people and people who experienced severe physical and psychological injuries require the assistance of a rehabilitation specialist. Using psychotherapeutic methods and systems of exercises, a rehabilitation specialist adapts a patient to percept the society and relate with people. A rehabilitation specialist creates an individual rehabilitation program for a patient and controls the process. A rehabilitation specialist faces the following tasks: to return a person to normal life or provide conditions required to return a disabled person to normal life. Physical disability is an extreme case of existence because it is accompanied with complete or partial inability to meet primary needs, considerably restricts the freedom and capabilities of a person. This extreme life of disabled people and specificity of the activity of a rehabilitation specialist imposes special requirements to this specialist and his/her professional qualities. The profession of a rehabilitation specialist appeared from the need to help these people.

What diseases does a rehabilitation specialist treat?

It may sound strange but a rehabilitation specialist does not treat any diseases in the usual sense of treatment: his/her predecessors – specialists in surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, traumatology, neurology etc. do it. As a rule, a patient goes to a rehabilitation specialist with existing consequences of some injury or after surgical or conservative treatment of a certain disease. This is what determines the diseases a rehabilitation specialist treats. It is a rehabilitation physician who helps the patient completely recover. The key objective of any rehabilitation course is to release the patient from forced restriction of some capabilities and restore the lost functions as completely as possible. Depending on the type of the disease, surgery or injury, rehabilitation will have clear orientation — orthopedic, neurological and neurosurgical or even cardiologic. Orthopedic rehabilitation is performed after physical injuries, as well as after surgical interference in case of different pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Neurological and neurosurgical rehabilitation is performed after cerebral or spinal injuries, after surgical treatment of cerebral or spinal diseases as well as after treatment of peripheral nervous system diseases. Most often, neurological rehabilitation is required by people who suffered from a stroke, paresis or palsy. Complications after a heart attack are treated by cardiologic rehabilitation also performed by a rehabilitation physician.

When should you visit a rehabilitation specialist?

Long-term treatment with strict bed confinement or long and forced staying in a lying position lead to partial muscle atrophy. This is the case when you should visit a rehabilitation specialist, because a correctly selected individual rehabilitation course will help restore the muscle tonus and strengthen metabolic processes in tissues, organs and systems of the organism. A rehabilitation physician will also help restore the whole movements in joints in case of fractures and sprains, remove pain and swelling after musculoskeletal injuries, improve the state and increase the level of physical activity after a stroke, paresis or palsy. Moreover, physical exercises, massage, physioprocedures are useful for those who complain of headaches and back pain. Visit a rehabilitation specialist who will recommend how to remove the abovementioned symptoms without any medications. For example, he/she may prescribe a course of kinetotherapy that makes it possible to strengthen the musculoskeletal apparatus and become free from an intervertebral hernia, as well as prolong the remission of many neurological and musculoskeletal diseases.

How is a rehabilitation specialist’s examination performed?

The standard examination procedure is as follows:

-Patient intake (medical history), review of previous medical documentation

-Palpation, visual examination of the patient, his/her movement and gait

-Manipulations with regard to examining the motion and sense spheres aimed at detecting pathologies in the interested areas

-Depending on the complaints and results of examination the rehabilitation physician can prescribe additional examinations: roentgenography, computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyogram (determination of the electrical activity of muscles), densitometry, laboratory analyses characterizing the general background of the pathology, accompanying diseases, as well as research to determine the presence of infectious and inflammatory processes.

 A cardiologist diagnoses, prevents and treats diseases of the heart, large vessels as well as hypertension. It is a vast sphere that includes not only heart diseases but also the diseases of the main artery of the organism – aorta and its large branches, lungs vessels. Cardiology deals with cardiovascular problems caused by other chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, chronic diseases of the lungs and bronchi (bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive bronchitis), atherosclerosis, fat metabolism disorders. The institute performs a full range of non-invasive cardiologic services including the cardiopulmonary test with physical load, with simultaneous use of external respiration breathing, echocardiography, stress echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, Holter monitoring and 24 hour blood pressure monitoring, as well as develops an individual cardiorehabilitation program for patients after myocardial infarction, invasive or cardiosurgical interference. The detailed information on the program is given at our website under the "Cardiorehabilitation" section.

Hypertension of any origin;

Ischemic heart disease in all its manifestations (angina of effort, myocardial infarction, cardiac rhythm disorders with rapid or on the contrary slow pulse);

Inflammatory diseases of the heart (or some structures of the cardiac wall of valves: myocarditis, endocatditis, perocarditis and their combinations);

Vegetovascular (neurocirculatory) dystonia;

Valve prolapsed syndrome;

Congenital or acquired failure of the heart, aorta, large arteries

Fat metabolism impairment (high level of cholesterol in the blood, obesity)

Different types of congenital and acquired arrhythmia including ciliary arrhythmia, arrhythmia with extra pathways including Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and others

Chronic cardiac deficiency and all its manifestations.

ECG in standard and special derivations;

echo-ECG (ultrasound heart examination);

ultrasound scanning of the aorta and large vessels;

24-hour ECG and blood pressure monitoring;

laboratory diagnostics;

ECG and respiration monitoring in sleep to detect sleep apnea and related arrhythmias;

treadmill;

bicycle ergometry;

a cardiopulmonary test.

Occurrence of any problems relating to pain in the area of the heart, changes in the blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders, collapses and faintness, swelling in the lower extremities and shortness of breath requires a visit to a cardiologist. A visit to a cardiologist includes an examination, review of available medical documentation, as well as prescription of diagnostic procedures according to the state of the patient. Treatment may include medication or physical therapy (or their combination).

results of the previous ECG for comparison;

an examination form registered at the reception desk;

information from the previous laboratory examination;

information from the previous functional examinations (echocardiogram, data of the previous ECG and blood pressure monitoring).

 

A podiatrist is a physician, specialist that deals with detection, treatment and prevention of diseases of feet, lower extremities, hips and the backbone, as well as interrelations of the foot and the body. Our body is a construction developed by evolution the elements of which are interrelated. Podiatry is a field of medicine that is new in our country while in English speaking countries this discipline has been studied and developed for a long time. It was formed at the confluence of different medical disciplines and relies on recent achievements in clinical biomechanics, orthopedics, neurology, osteopathy, sports medicine, applied kinesiology, posturology, therapy and surgery of the musculoskeletal system of the human being. Practice shows that in most cases stable pain syndromes of the musculoskeletal system disappear irrevocably after qualified correction of the feet function with special manual techniques, exercises and advanced orthotics. A podiatrist helps people of any age but the most important thing is to visit this specialist to maintain mobility and independence in declining years. Foot joints are small and very complex, therefore the change of their function due to arthritis or an injury can be nearly invisible. That is why the professional skills and experience of the physician are very important. A podiatrist is also interested in leg mechanics. Such factors as the gait, joint configuration and muscle force influence not only the feet but also the knees, pelvic girdle and lower back. For example, if one of the two soles is more flattened, the balance of the body becomes impaired which can lead to pains in the hips, while an inflexible big toe can ‘wreak havoc’ with the spine.

Transverse-longitudinal patypodia (presence/prevention of valgus of the first and second toes, formation of an “ossicle”, foot flattening). Knock knees and bow legs. Clubfoot;

Heel spur. Pains in the foot when walking (and/or at rest). Morton’s neuroma

Overstrain and overpressure on the sole, plantar callosities and dry calluses. Most often beauty salons deal with these problems, removing calluses as a protective layer but not removing the reason why they are formed

Pains in joints (arthritis, arthrosis) and deformations of the lower extremities (foot joints, ankle, knee and hip joints)

Frequent strain in the ankle, recurrent subluxation of the ankle joint

Tendovaginitis of the Achilles tendon;

Postsurgical and posttraumatic changes in the joints, tendons, ligaments, muscles and articular capsules (deformations, pain, shortening, movement restriction, contractures);

Different length of legs, as well as related pathologies – disc hernia, slant/obliquity of pelvis, gait and posture disorders, scoliosis deformation

Prevention of diseases of the veins in the lower extremities

In the period of pregnancy – prevention or avoidance of recurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in the spine, joints of the lower extremities, feet

Palsies and pareses of peripheral nerves of the lower extremities (drop foot stabilization)

Increased fatigability of muscles of the back and lower extremities

Prevention of professional overload in case of excessive use of high heels, walking and/or running, long-time standing

In record setting sports orthoses help increase both speed and jump parameters thanks to the improvement of the jump-off function of the foot, as well as decrease the risk of injuries.

These technologies were initially developed to assure ergonomics, dynamic balance and minimum strain during sports activities.

Individual corrective insoles are produced in 2-3 days. Then the patient leaves the doctor in them. 2-3 weeks later primary correction and 2 months later secondary correction are performed. Corrected orthotic insoles take into account all peculiarities of the foot and shoe structure: transverse and longitudinal arches, valgus/varus position of the forefoot and rearfoot, structural peculiarities of tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints as well as joints of the heel, huckle and navicular bones. Moreover, acquired and congenital deformation of the foot is taken into account which assures correct position of the foot at rest and during movements. Orthoses (individual orthotic insoles) are suitable for any type of shoes. The main requirement for shoes is to have a counter. The average life time of orthoses is 1.5 – 2 years for athletes, 3 years for an active life style. The material of the insoles is absolutely safe, chemically neutral, non-allergenic and non-toxic. They can be corrected as many times as necessary, it means that you will not have to buy something new when the foot changes in the process of treatment. The insoles can be washed with any cleanser.

The work of a dentist is characterized by using modern technologies, an individual approach to each patient, top quality equipment. Sterilization has a complete automated technological cycle. Therapeutic dentistry includes active preventive measures and oral hygiene education, conservative methods of teeth whitening (at home and at the dentist’s). We use three-stage cleaning of dental plaque and deposit with Air Flow devices, ultrasonic scalers. Tooth filling is made with up-to-date composite material. Gums are treated with a Vector device. In prosthetic dentistry we use porcelain fused to metal, metal free ceramics, partially and fully removable dentures, dental implant prosthetics. Surgical dentistry deals with extraction of impacted and half-impacted teeth of different severity including extraction and treatment of primary teeth, gingivoplastics, pericoronitis treatment.

Preventive dentistry is the most important branch of modern dentistry and deals with elimination of all reasons that can cause different dental diseases or lead to premature loss of natural teeth. Regular, proper oral care is not only an indication of the culture of any adult person but also the basic preventive measure to avoid dental caries and other diseases of the oral cavity. It is oral hygiene that our institute focuses on with special attention within preventive dentistry.

Professional oral hygiene includes:

removal of supragingival deposits with an ultrasonic scaler;

treatment of accompanying gingivitis that can be caused by injuries or unsatisfactory oral hygiene.

Removal of subgingival and supragingival deposits with the Vector device.

The Vector device makes it possible to fight against subgingival calculus and bacteria on a qualitatively new level by removing the plaque, hard deposits without blood, pain and injuries to the soft tissues around teeth. During the Vector procedure dental deposits and granulation tissues from gingival pockets are removed with ultrasonic energy. Thanks to a special mixture with microparticles endotoxins and deposits are removed from dentogingival pockets, teeth surface is polished, which promotes the healing process.

The Vector device makes it possible to treat hard-to-reach areas of the oral cavity, to treat pockets thoroughly and effectively, as well as to work with deeply located fixtures of dental implants. In dentistry the Vector device is used even for treating patients with highly sensitive teeth and gums. It helps kill periodontitis, makes it possible to avoid surgical interference.

As a result of professional hygienic procedures your teeth become perfectly white, beautiful, and, above all, healthy.

Prosthetic dentistry is an extensive field of medicine that studies diseases of the musculoskeletal apparatus and develops methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention. Prosthetic dentistry methods are used in case of absence of one tooth, several or all teeth on the upper or lower jaw bones, cosmetic defects (inconsistency in the size, form and colour), arthritis, arthrosis of the jaw joint. Nowadays prosthetic dentistry is developing rapidly thanks to the use of the latest materials and technologies, renewing the function of the masticatory apparatus after loss of several teeth or one tooth. Today, different types of dentures become very popular among people who take care of their health. Dentures can be removable and fixed. Prosthetics can be made of porcelain fused to metal, metal free ceramics, as well as zirconia.

Advance technology in metal free ceramics become more and more popular as this type of prosthetics is mainly focused on esthetics. The denture is produced of high-strength ceramics containing no metals. This adds esthetics to the dentures, moreover, ceramics does not change in colour (it does not become dark), and is not allergenic. Prosthetic dentistry offers a lot of metal-free ceramic denture versions: crowns, veneers, inlays.

A veneer - is a thin ceramic plate (laminate) that is fixed on the front surface of teeth. Veneers add natural and healthy appearance to a tooth.

Metal ceramic crowns contain metal alloys or metal (titanium, gold, platinum, palladium, chrome-nickel, gold-platinum and other alloys). Depending on the metals and their alloys used we distinguish metal ceramics on gold, cobalt-chrome alloys etc. Further, the frame is faced with special ceramic mixture produced specifically for dentistry application. The facing is performed manually in several layers. After applying one layer the frame is burned in a special furnace that maintains a temperature of 950 ºC. This production technology creates a strong chemical bond between the metal and ceramics. The metal frame with ceramic facing can be seen in the photo, it is a ready-to-use denture.

Metal crowns also contain metal or metal alloys (titanium, gold, platinum, palladium, chrome-nickel, gold-platinum and other alloys). They are less common today.

A stump inlay is an insert for a crown. Using these inlays a tooth destroyed to the root (or a tooth with very thin walls) is restored to be covered with a crown. Then an artificial crown is fixed to this inlay with special cementum. A stump inlay has root and crown parts. The root part of an inlay looks like a dental core (this part is fixed in the root canal). The crown part of an inlay has the form of a dental stump machined for a crown. That is why this inlay is called a ‘stump’ inlay.

Removable dentures - are prostheses the patient can remove and insert. They are used when a great number of teeth are missing, i.e. in the cases when there is no possibility to make a fixed denture. Removable dentures (unlike fixed dentures) mainly rest on the gingivae, but when natural teeth remain some load can be distributed to the remained teeth.

Complete removable dentures - are prostheses fabricated when all of the teeth are missing on the jaw. They rest exclusively on alveolar processes of the jaws (roughly speaking, on the gingiva), and the palate. Fixation of complete removable dentures (especially on the lower jaw) leaves much to be desired, as the teeth to which they could be fixed with clamps are missing. A complete removable denture can be made of either traditional plastic or nylon.

Partially removable prosthetics means that there are one or several teeth on the jaw that will be remained and used for prosthetics purposes. It means that a partial removable denture usually rests on not only the gingival but also on the remained teeth. These dentures can be made both of plastic or nylon and with a metal frame (bugel dentures).

Bugel dentures take their name form a German word “Bugel” that means an “arc”. Unlike nylon and plastic dentures this type of dentures is based on a metal frame. Thanks to this frame manufacturers managed to decrease the size of the plastic basis in the patient’s mouth, it means that the denture becomes more comfortable when you wear it, speak and eat.

Opportunities of modern pediatric dentistry form an absolutely new image of prevention and treatment of dental diseases in children. Now parents have no reasons to postpone the visit to a pediatric dentist. After little teeth emerged you should take regular and systematic care of them. Caries prevention should start as early as possible. Besides traditional caries prevention methods (teeth cleaning, healthy nutrition, etc.) other very effective procedures are used today. One of these procedures, the sealing of dental hollows (fissures), is rather widely used in developed countries and makes it possible to considerably reduce the risk of caries development. Dental plaque, caries, pulpitis, abnormal occlusion, all these dental diseases can be avoided in children if you take preventive measures in due time. Here not only everyday oral hygiene is meant.

Diseases of the oral cavity are not less spread in children than in adults. Love of sweets and improper teeth cleaning, children’s fear of dentists and parents’ poor awareness of the importance of early prevention and sanation lead to pathologic processes in the oral cavity. Caries and decay of primary teeth, pulpitis, infection distribution along the root canals, damage of permanent teeth, malformation of the dental row are the main dental diseases in children that require early treatment.

Another problem children often suffer from is abnormal occlusion. If you are willing and patient, occlusion can be corrected. Here special removable and fixed systems (plates and brackets) are used. Abnormal occlusion in children negatively influences not only the esthetics of the dental row and attractiveness of a child but also the general health. Occlusion correction makes it possible to avoid a lot of problems: masticatory disorders, musculofacial pain syndrome, formation of dental calculus and dentogingival pockets, teeth damage (fractures, abrasion, caries), as well as psychological barriers and complexes.

Surgical dentistry is an extremely important area of dental practice that is aimed at restoring the beauty and integrity of the dental row, correcting the lost function. The basic direction of this discipline is the study of surgical diseases, specifically, injuries of teeth, organs of the oral cavity, face and neck. In recent years surgical dentistry began to use new up-to-date materials, new surgical methods to protect against infections, minimizes the risk of postsurgical complications. Today, any dental surgery is only performed with most advanced anesthetics that even make the first anesthetic injection painless.

Surgical dentistry includes:

treatment of inflammatory processes;

surgeries to preserve teeth;

extraction of teeth;

implantation;

decorative surgeries.

Year after year, cosmetic manipulations on gums become more and more popular in surgical dentistry. Such procedures as gingivoplastics, frenuloplastics, elimination of gingival recessions, vestibuloplastics are performed most often.

Most people associate snow-white teeth with a successful and beautiful life!When a person has no reasons to be doubtful of his/her smile, he/she easily makes contacts with other people, charms them and achieves his/her goals! However much we desire to naturally have brilliantly white teeth, this still happens very seldom. Therefore, teeth whitening procedures that make our smile dazzling become more and more popular day by day. Causes why teeth turn yellow:

Insufficient hygiene of the oral cavity;

Metabolic disorders;

Smoking;

Excessive consumption of food with colouring agents;

Genetic inheritance;

Excessive consumption of sugar;

Antibiotics treatment;

Age-specific changes

Once in six months professional teeth cleaning should be performed even if all oral care rules are followed. However, this includes only superficial procedures they almost do not change the colour of teeth. To change the colour of teeth whitening is used; it is chemical impact on dental enamel. There is professional whitening, at the dentist’s, and domestic whitening.

For professional cleaning we use three-stage teeth cleaning from dental plaque and deposits with an Air Flow device and ultrasonic scaler. Using different teeth whitening procedures, our dentists will help you partially transfer teeth whiteness maintenance activity to your home, which makes this service accessible for a wide range of customers. If the dentist detects some diseases of the oral cavity during the first examination, they must be treated before teeth whitening. If a patient has tooth filling material, dentists recommend replacing them after the whitening procedure as the filling material does not change its colour. The same concerns different dental onlays, for example veneers.