Hyperbaric oxygenation is a multifactorial irritant. The biochemical, physiological and other reactions that take place in this case can be considered as a secondary process, a tool with which the body adapts to the changed environment, and at the same time corrects the pathogenesis of extreme fatigue in athletes. Oxygen starvation (hypoxia) is one of the important points of the pathological process that contributes to the viability or destruction of the organism, system, organ and cell. In the absence of oxygen, first of all, the body's energy is damaged. When glycolysis is activated, pyruvate accumulates in the cells, which is then converted to lactate. Accumulation of lactate leads to the cessation of glycolysis, the only and ultimate source of energy in conditions of oxygen deficiency, which in turn destroys the cell. An urgent and effective way to compensate for any oxygen deficiency during the development of such a pathological process - under high pressure active oxygen saturation of body tissues, ie hyperbaric oxygenation. Increased oxygen uptake during hyperbaric oxygenation leads to arterial and venous hyperoxia, which is the triggering mechanism of the following conditions in the body. Lack of oxygen complicates the functioning of the central nervous system and musculoskeletal system. The more and more intense the load, the more significant the changes in the body and the slower the recovery process. Therefore, in recent years, HBO (hyperbaric oxygenation) has been used as one of the tools to accelerate recovery and alleviate the endurance of exercise loads in sports. HBO is a non-pharmacological method recommended for achieving high sports results and rapid recovery of athletes after maximum and sub-maximum physical activity. HBO provides immediate elimination of the oxygen gap in the body, and as a result, economical, optimizing, biosynthetic, reparative-regeneration, detoxification and energotropic effects, which improves the oxidation-reduction reactions, providing additional synthesis of macroergic compounds. The above-mentioned physiological features of the effect of oxygen on the body also determine the indications for the application of hyperbaric oxygenation in the sport of the highest achievements. At the same time, the mechanisms and effects of HBO on the body have been identified: oxygen saturation of tissues improves, especially during hypoxia, regeneration processes are stimulated, respiratory arrhythmias are eliminated, erythrocyte respiratory function is significantly improved. Another feature of the effect of HBO is important: structural and metabolic changes do not weaken over time, but rather progress regularly, the post-exposure period is observed. All this has laid the foundation for the application of HBO in sports practice. 8-10 in the training of athletes The use of an HBO course consisting of a session allows you to increase the effectiveness of the training process.

At present, psychological maintenance of sports activity is one of important and resolvable problems. The objective of this maintenance is to implement diverse psychological preparation of athletes thanks to which athletes change their visions of their possibilities and abilities, understanding and control of their state, become more confident in their strength and thus sports results improve. An important element of this activity is cooperation with the coach and the athlete. This assistance is intended for individual work and successiveness of coach observations and psychologist recommendations with a pedagogic positive effect in order to form and improve personality qualities in athletes as well as psychic qualities required for successful sports activity, preparation for competitions and reliable participation in them. The psychological testing room makes it possible to:

determine personality characteristics of an athlete;

give recommendations to a coach as to the distribution of roles on group sports;

help correct detected behavioural and volitional impairments;

increase stress resistance and motivation.

Thus, the following indicators characterize the internal state of mental readiness of an athlete:

sound self-confidence of an athlete;

striving to persistently fight for competition target, for victory to the end;

жwish to compete;

optimal level of emotional excitement;

high immunity to external and internal distracting factors;

ability to control his/her actions, thoughts, feelings, behaviour.

Tasks of psychological work and cooperation with coaches:

improvement of professional and personal competence;

formation of the required knowledge and skills;

psychological recommendations for optimization of the training process;

improvement of the efficiency of cooperation with athletes.

Individual insoles are recommended for athletes by orthopedists. They are manufactured according to the form of a foot which is individual for each athlete. As insoles can change the technique of walking, running and jumping, muscles and joints accommodate themselves and insoles are further corrected to improve the ultimate result and remove any discomfort. Our individual insoles help regulate the load on the musculoskeletal apparatus. You always feel comfortable in them even during serious sports training. The mechanism of insoles is very simple: the bearing surface contact area increases, therefore the body weight distributes evenly along the whole foot. Weariness is taken off the body, overtension does not appear in the muscle system, this prevents any microcracks, sprains or injuries, movement coordination normalizes. Individual sports insoles have the following advantages:

they reduce the probability of musculoskeletal injuries during sports activity;

improve the efficiency of the musculoskeletal apparatus;

improve the mobility of joints reducing loads on them;

have a shock-absorbing effect during walking and sports activity;

improve the posture gibing a coordinating effect for the whole organism;

an athlete does not feel discomfort, load and tension during training;

have an effect on the strength reserve of an organism increasing it;

you have a 100% control over the situation.;

you have a 100% control over the situation. If you train all day long, orthopedists recommend not only wearing convenient shoes (it is not easy to choose them) but also adding individual insoles to them that will noticeably decrease the load on the musculoskeletal apparatus and the whole organism. Professional athletes have chosen the AMFIT technology and try to prevent permanent injuries, loads, keep healthy and continue with their sports career.

Ice baths are considered to be one of the most effective methods to compensate for the harm caused by training or intensive work. Immersion into cold water suppresses inflammation and heat in muscles, because low temperatures narrow blood cells and reduce metabolic activity. This method is also recognized to be a little more effective than elastic bandages and hosiery as well as than slight running. Painfulness usually appears in muscles after intensive or uncommon physical exercises, after training with forced capabilities. This state is called “delayed onset muscle soreness” (DOMS). It usually lasts 24 to 48 hours. The main symptoms are rigidness of muscles, swelling, painfulness in muscles, reduction of strength. This happens due to mechanic damages in muscle fibres which lead to pain and inflammation. Many people think by mistake that heating these muscles will help relieve pain and take hot baths. While athletes use ice baths to fight against pain. A photo was spread on Twitter with American gymnasts from the USA national team at the Olympic Games in London on which they take an ice bath after difficult starts trying to recover as soon as possible. Ice bath application rules for athletes are as follows:

water temperature for an ice bath is – 10-15 degrees Centigrade.

you can stay in an ice bath for five minutes.

many depends on your state and reaction, some people take such baths for a longer period of time, up to 20 minutes.

the simplest way to take an ice bath is to fill a bathtub with cold tap water and add ice from an ice generator.

it is better to take an ice bath not later than half an hour after training.

Ice baths are taken not for the whole body. The safest is an ice bath for legs, you may also take it from the waist down, or very seldom from the breast down (complete immersion can be performed only if your physician prescribes it!).

What is kinesio taping based on? Tapes are special cotton bands of different colour (colour has an aesthetic value), that contain no latex and have an acrylic thermoactive coating; their elasticity is similar to the elasticity of human skin; they are applied according to the methods of kinesiological taping. Tapes assure adequate work of muscles, running of sanogenetic processes reducing pain effect while not restricting movements, improving blood and lymph flow; their hypoallergenic properties and total air and moisture permeability makes it possible to use them during 5 days, 24 hours a day, even in water. Kinesio taping was first used by Japanese manual therapist Kenzo Kase to intensify the results of manual impact of a therapist on a patient. At present, different techniques of kinesiological taping make it possible to tonify or relax muscles, reduce post-traumatic swelling, decrease pain and stabilize joints. This is what is used in sports. Each sport has its own stereotype movements, an imbalance can appear between agonists and antagonists or separate groups of muscles in case of overtension which creates painful and unpleasant feelings and, eventually, changes the movement technique. At the same time some muscles overload acquiring a pathologically increased tone or lose it and become painful. Kinesiological taping makes it possible to relax strained muscles and increase the tone of relaxed muscles making the performance of a sport movement more optimal and effective allowing to do it greater number of times with higher quality; it also makes it possible to softly stabilize joints without restricting the amplitude of a free movement. This property is also widely used in preventing sports injuries. Moreover, kinesio taping improves the lymph flow in the organism which recovers muscles in case of large loads as it helps muscles release metabolites (metabolic by-products during intensive muscle activity) more quickly. This property of kinesio taping is widely used in sports of continuous load to rehabilitate after distances, as well as in sports with multiple-day competitions, for example in bicycling. The secret of popularity of kinesio taping lies in the fact that it is the only existing method of mechanical impact on the skin and underlying tissues of an athlete that makes it possible to:

increase the efficiency of muscle contraction;

accelerate the rehabilitation process between performances;

reduce the risk of sports injuries;

decrease the intensity of the pain syndrome when performing with injuries or in the state of overtension of some muscle groups.

What is kinesio taping based on? Tapes are special cotton bands of different colour (colour has an aesthetic value), that contain no latex and have an acrylic thermoactive coating; their elasticity is similar to the elasticity of human skin; they are applied according to the methods of kinesiological taping. Tapes assure adequate work of muscles, running of sanogenetic processes reducing pain effect while not restricting movements, improving blood and lymph flow; their hypoallergenic properties and total air and moisture permeability makes it possible to use them during 5 days, 24 hours a day, even in water. Kinesio taping was first used by Japanese manual therapist Kenzo Kase to intensify the results of manual impact of a therapist on a patient. At present, different techniques of kinesiological taping make it possible to tonify or relax muscles, reduce post-traumatic swelling, decrease pain and stabilize joints. This is what is used in sports. Each sport has its own stereotype movements, an imbalance can appear between agonists and antagonists or separate groups of muscles in case of overtension which creates painful and unpleasant feelings and, eventually, changes the movement technique. At the same time some muscles overload acquiring a pathologically increased tone or lose it and become painful. Kinesiological taping makes it possible to relax strained muscles and increase the tone of relaxed muscles making the performance of a sport movement more optimal and effective allowing to do it greater number of times with higher quality; it also makes it possible to softly stabilize joints without restricting the amplitude of a free movement. This property is also widely used in preventing sports injuries. Moreover, kinesio taping improves the lymph flow in the organism which recovers muscles in case of large loads as it helps muscles release metabolites (metabolic by-products during intensive muscle activity) more quickly. This property of kinesio taping is widely used in sports of continuous load to rehabilitate after distances, as well as in sports with multiple-day competitions, for example in bicycling. The secret of popularity of kinesio taping lies in the fact that it is the only existing method of mechanical impact on the skin and underlying tissues of an athlete that makes it possible to:

increase the efficiency of muscle contraction;

accelerate the rehabilitation process between performances;

reduce the risk of sports injuries;

decrease the intensity of the pain syndrome when performing with injuries or in the state of overtension of some muscle groups.

The laboratory carries out a wide range of analyses of the functional state and reserve capabilities of the neuro-endocrine system of the organism, biochemical indicators and parameters of the immune status, cancer markers, general blood and urine count as well as analyses of different infections. These analyses make it possible to obtain the most complete information about the health, functional state and reserve capabilities of the organism of athletes for optimum control of the training process as well as to give recommendations for medical rehabilitation. Laboratory control and specific analyses include:

screening laboratory examination of athletes;

profound medical laboratory examination of athletes;

specific tests during a training process.

Biochemical control makes it possible to estimate zone time, climatic and high mountain adaptation of an organism, which in its turn allows regulate the training load properly and avoid overtension at adaptation phases.

The procedure uses the PRP-CT (cell therapy) technology under control of 3D navigation USI performed before, during and after the procedure. The method consists in intra-aticular injection of an agent produced ex tempore from patient’s plasma (platelet-derived growth factors) which assures re-modulation of the articular cartilage, meniscuses, ligament and tendon impairments. PRP therapy (plasmolifting, plasmoplastics) is a procedure that treats with patient’s own blood plasma enriched with thrombocytes. It is one of effective techniques for treating joints, ligaments, bones, tendons. PRP therapy used by physicians to treat joints and ligaments has shown excellent results. PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) therapy is an innovative technology that consists in local injection of plasma enriched with patients’ thrombocytes. Plasma contains a number of vitamins, proteins, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and other useful substances. Plasma also contains growth factors that activate the growth of cells, their renewal. As a result of this impact wounds heal more quickly, and the existing inflammation process disappears. PRP therapy is used in case of:

arthrosis including coxarthrosis and osteoarthrosis.

ligament and muscle raptures and bursting.

tendopathies.

inflammatory processes in joints.

arthritis, osteoarthritis.

periarthritis.

plantar fasciitis.

In modern orthopedics PRP therapy is used for speedy recovery of damaged tendons and ligaments, to accelerate the recovery of the cartilage tissue in case of arthritis of different origin (traumatic or related with degenerative processes, to relieve the pain in case of traumas. After PRP therapy traumas begin to heal more quickly without any medication, the risk of surgical interference reduces. The PRP method combines natural capabilities of an organism to self-recover with advanced innovation technology. PRP therapy is successfully used in European and American clinics. The method is based on the use of patients’ blood. By means of a special technique thrombocytes (thrombocytic autoplasma) are extracted from it and mixed with a small amount of plasma. Then this mixture is injected into the cavity of a damaged joint, muscle or other tissue that is in need of help. If necessary, the procedure can be monitored by means of USI, this assures the injection of the mixture with high accuracy directly into the damaged area. The manipulation is performed under local anesthesia and takes about 15 minutes. “Growth factors” containing in PRP provoke intensive recovery of the damaged area of joint, ligament or tendon tissue. The institute also actively practices intra-articular injection of the hyaluronic acid and hormonal agents.

Mesotherapy was proposed by French doctor Michel Pistor in 1952 to treat sports traumas (injection of anesthetic and resolving medication), vascular pathologies, improve local circulation and in rheumatology. Mesotherapy is a simple and effective method of local impact on skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle in case of a pain syndrome caused by a muscle spasm, spinal pain, accentuated local muscle tone, local convulsions, nascent over-growth of connective tissue in the damaged area. The following states cause convulsions by increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft:

overdosage of medications of the group of cholinesterase blockers;

myorelaxation with depolarizating medications;

magnesium deficiency in the organism.

Muscle relaxants, botulin toxin, DNA, hyaluronic acid, collagen, elastin can be injected. The procedure requires compliance with the rules of aseptic and antiseptics. Small hematomas can appear in the area of mesotherapy application. Seldom, allergenic reactions can appear in the form of nettle rash or Quincke’s disease. Contraindications include pregnancy, breast feeding, menstruation and post-surgical period. Mesotherapy can be quite effective within comprehensive therapy in athletes.

Isokinetic equipment is extremely important in early and late rehabilitation of muscle groups. The technology is distinguished with unbiased determination of the level of recovery of the muscular system at present, prediction of the problem in future and participation in comprehensive rehabilitation. The system makes it possible to adjust different loads for flexion and extension (concentric and eccentric). For example, the person under rehabilitation lowers a greater weight than lifts, using 30% more muscle fibres. Thus, an ideal balance between agonists and antagonists can be adjusted. A special mode of isokinetic training is used for rehabilitation and performance of static and dynamic exercises. The system creates a uniform effort, and the person under rehabilitation resists it with a maximum effort. In this way, the advantages of conventional isometric exercises are enlarged with strengthening of ligaments.

To increase physical tolerance of athletes, mitigate fatigue, give a general tone, remove consequences of traumas a special massage technique is used – a sports massage. A sports massage is considered to be an important element in training athletes and preparing them for competitions. A sports massage differs from other types of massage in the impact on muscles, joints and skin that can recover their functionality in a short period of time. This massage stimulates oil and perspiratory glands, metabolism, cutaneous respiration, improves blood circulation and skin nutrition. Thanks to better supply of oxygen and useful substances to tissues during this massage, the performance of muscles improves. Development of joints in the process of a massage improves their mobility, recovery after injuries.